… immunomodulators discussed in this review succinctly demonstrate the potential of these
agents … host defense mechanisms for prophylaxis and treatment of various microbial infections. …

… the emergence of immunomodulators as promising therapeutic agents in infectious diseases.
A diverse array of recombinant, synthetic and natural immunomodulatory preparations for …

… immunomodulators, their modes of action and the potential for therapeutic application. …
This review will focus on how pathogen-derived immunomodulatory molecules can regulate …

… are relatively ineffective in intracellular infections due to poor … an increase in therapeutic
efficacy and reduction of toxicity … of therapeutic activity of these agents in protozoal infections …

… disease or class of agent. In this article, we review the current state of knowledge about
infectious complications of biologic and small molecule immunomodulatory agents, aiming to …

… Summary: A comprehensive understanding of natalizumab-associated PML is illustrative
of the potential pathogenic effects of immunomodulatory agents that lead to infectious …

… therapies were initially directed against the proinflammatory stage. These initial therapeutic
… produced in response to septic and/or infectious stimuli could cause marked organ injury in …

… promote resistance and facilitate clearance of infections [1 •• ]. There are numerous examples
of immunomodulatory agents in clinical use as adjunct therapies, typically administered in …

… cells from spread of infection. Topical IFN therapy has been shown to be effective in preventing
herpes simplex virus infection; although with established infections, IFN treatment alone …

… on immunostimulatory agents capable of enhancing host defence mechanisms to
provide protection against infections. The mode of action includes augmentation of the anti-infectious …