… protective immunity in humans following smallpox infection,5 there has been no consensus
in terms of the requirements for protective immunity … models of smallpox infection are useful …

… vaccines can also protect against other coronaviruses that may infect humans in the future.
Here, we show that coronavirus vaccines elicited cross-protective immune … -CoV-1) vaccine …

… Here, we consider diseases that fail to elicit protective immunity, allowing recurrent infections.
In this extreme case, recovered hosts return to the susceptibility class and the recovered …

… This article considers the immune responses to natural RV infection and RV vaccination in
both … responses Cell-mediated protective immune responses Importance of α4/β7 homing …

… tuberculosis, our understanding of protective immunity following infection (that is, natural …
vaccine protection is difficult; until there is a successful vaccine that induces protective immunity…

… these factors, successful vaccination in the immunologically inexperienced … vaccination.
These guiding principles might help to raise improved protective T-cell responses by vaccination …

… natural immune responses to HIV may be protective in rare individuals. Understanding the
… of protective immunity to HIV infection is critical to efforts to develop preventive HIV vaccines …

… respiratory tract infection (eg, influenza), protective immunity is … protective immunity elicited
by a particular vaccine is mediated by antibodies. In the past, serological analysis of vaccine …

… induced a robust antigen-specific, long-lived humoral immune memory in humans. … predictors
of protection. After vaccination or infection, many mechanisms of immunity exist within an …

… - protection; how to judge the degree of this protection has long been a problem. Both natural
infection and vaccination … In the present review, data on the immune response of mammals …