… The overall objective of this work was to improve understanding of the combustion and
pollutant formation processes in a PIDING engine. Specific interest was placed on the …

In recent years, emissions from transportation engines have … such engines to atmospheric
pollution. During this period the amounts of pollutants emitted, the mechanism of their formation…

… pollutant formation within the … pollutant formation. Gas sampling technique suits well the
studies dealing with the relationship between combustion products and the pollutant formation (3,…

… governing pollutant formation, especially oxides of nitrogen and soot. engine internal
measures, including exhaust gas recirculation and water injection to reduce engine-out pollutant …

… the process of injection and spray formation. This will … injection (DI) engines, the air motion
will be analyzed and a phenomenological model for the combustion and emission formation …

… engine, and because these pollutant formation mechanisms are simpler and better understood
than in most of the alternative engines, … injector and fuel pump are standard diesel engine …

… simulations of diesel engine combustion, was recently extended to model multiple injections.
In … a pilot and a main injection with various dwell times, start of injection timings, and loads. …

… fuel injection nozzle was fitted to represent a single spray of a multi-spray injector normally
used in direct injection engines… volume of a standard direct injection engine having most of its …

… a number of holes drilled symmetrically on the injector tip. Figure 1 shows the … the injector
of the DI diesel engine concerning the present study. Figure 2 presents the flow pattern formed …

… In the engine modeled in the present work, the injector is … of the engine resemble the well
known Mitsubishi GDI engine, … a reversed tumble motion this engine has ports creating a …