… such as injection timing modification, injection pressure … In view of the adverse effect
caused by IC engine pollutants on … The cause of pollutant formation in SI and CI engines and …

… effect of multiple injections on pollutant formation in a Common-Rail DI Diesel engine
was carried out on a production-type GM FIAT 1.9 l CDTI ECOTEC Diesel engine. The 4-cylinder …

… phenomena like emission formation quite challenging. The present work focuses on the
prediction of gaseous pollutants from a spark-ignition (SI) direct injection (DI) engine with 1D–…

… The combustion taking place in the direct injection engine is a highly complex process
typically covering the phase of ignition delay, pre-mixed combustion, diffusion flame combustion …

… The formation and migration of multi-scale pollutants are affected by both fuel film evaporation
and adhesion combustion. So the emission characteristics are further discussed in Fig. 21…

… of engine design, fuel injection, fuel-… pollutant formation inside diesel engines. The
mathematical model of the spray process was used and the model for the pollutant emission …

… Understanding the sources of the pollutants during … formation processes of the HC, NOx
and PM emissions during the cold-start phase in a GDI engine, and the sensitivity of the pollutant …

… engines, which employ sophisticated injection strategies with rate shaping to reduce the
in-cylinder pollutant formation … The physics of the mixture formation and its effects on combustion …

… were modelled using physics-based models for fuel injection, ignition delay, premixed and …
pollutant formation of diesel engine under different operating conditions such as fuel injection …

… injection on the development of the combustion process and on engine efficiency and
pollutant … Tests were performed with a heavy-duty 1.8 litre singlecylinder engine. The study …