… that may cause HPA axis dysfunction, including critical illness-related corticosteroid
insufficiency, the direct cytopathic impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the adrenals, pituitary, and …

… Glucocorticoids, the end-products of the HPA axis, exert … spectrum of pathologic conditions
affecting any of the three anatomical parts results in hypo- or hyper-activation of the HPA axis …

… This review highlights the variability in expression and function of the GR in pituitary and
adrenocortical cells as one of the reasons for the appreciable differences in HPA axis function …

… adrenal axis, but without typical signs and symptoms of hypercortisolism [6]. CS was defined
by at least two first-line biochemical tests (DST, UFC, and midnight serum cortisol) returning …

… This paper reviews the spectrum of adrenal disease in childhood and presents the … number
and size, cystic adrenal masses, solid adrenal mass lesions, and adrenal calcifications are all …

… is the most sensitive and specific test to diagnose adrenocortical deficiency. The ITT is still
… other tests of HPA axis function. Unfortunately, this test has a considerable spectrum of intra-…

… E Thyroid and adrenal axis in major depression: a … large cohort study shows significant,
although modest, associations between MDD and specific hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis …

… -adrenocortical axis. However, research performed in the last decade has challenged this
rather simple model and has unveiled a more complex, time-dependent set of responses. …

… An appropriate adaptation of the hypothalamic-pitu itary-adrenal (HPA) axis to stress is
essential for survival [2, 3]. Increasing circulating levels of adrenal steroids (eg, cortisol) are the …

… The HPA axis may be more reactive to stress in social anxiety disorder and autism spectrum
disorders. In contrast, HPA activity is more likely to be low in PTSD and atypical depression. …