… According to the proposed criteria of the University of Cincinnati Medical Center for COVID-19
sequelae, there are five categories of long COVID-19 syndrome, based on initial symptoms…

… Macrophages in the lung tissue are proposed to be the primary inducer of … There are distinct
long-term outcomes observed in patients with COVID-19, including recovery, organ fibrosis …

… endotheliopathy and immunothrombosis in modulating the pathogenesis of acute SARS-CoV-…
COVID-19 patients and thereby contribute to the pathogenesis underpinning long COVID. …

… Currently, glucocorticoid is the only drug that reduces the mortality of COVID‐19 in a … natural
history of COVID‐19, including the disease type, surrogate markers for critically ill, long‐term …

… of systemic damage in COVID-19 predetermines the emergence of long-term complications
… present in severe COVID-19 were proposed as a potential multitarget therapy [312]. …

… Pathogenic mechanisms of these symptoms of long COVID … nervous system and systemic
pathogenic mechanisms such as … proposed potential mechanisms for the symptoms of long …

… This prompted some to propose that COVID-19 predisposes to a nonspecific myocardial
injury biomarker leak not indicative of a type 2 MI. Nevertheless, recent autopsy series of …

… There are significant knowledge gaps in the pathogenesis of COVID… COVID-19 confined to
the conducting airways should be mild and treated symptomatically at home. However, COVID…

… Long COVID (LC) encompasses a constellation of long-term symptoms experienced by at
least 10% of people after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, and so far it has affected about 65 …

… to treat COVID-19 patients. This review evaluates several options that have been proposed
to … New therapeutic interventions will likely require a long lead time for the development of …