… machine learning techniques, the former currently being considered the standard artificial
intelligence … To begin with, we review machine learning from an endoscopist’s viewpoint. A …

… When applied to lower gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, AI plays … status of AI in lower GI
endoscopy and underline future … , Japan) incorporates the artificial intelligence based on a deep …

… To overcome this hurdle several endoscopic enhancement techniques have been developed
… in both upper and lower GI endoscopy and how AI can improve quality of daily endoscopy. …

… , which is less invasive to the patient, and additional detailed examination is performed with
the upper and lower endoscopies depending on the result. Considering the importance of …

… This relatively lower specificity is mainly because of false-positive findings of inflammatory
lesions that are difficult to endoscopically differentiate from neoplastic change. This low …

… Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly developing in various medical fields, and there is an increase
in research performed in the field of gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. In … of GI endoscopy, …

… making in endoscopy [4, 5… endoscopy room. One advantage of these AIs is that their
application can be performed in real time due to the fact that images are mostly processed at a lower …

… Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography was developed in the 1970s and EUS in the 1980s,
further showing the potential of endoscopy to … seen the growth of artificial intelligence (AI) in …

… language using keywords: “artificial intelligence and endoscopy”, “machine learning”, “gastric
cancer”, “computer-aided diagnosis and endoscopy”, “computer-… AI in lower endoscopy …

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been attracting considerable attention as an important scientific
topic in the field of medicine. Deep‐leaning (DL) technologies have been applied more …