… beamforming design at the base stations to optimize the network EE under the QoS constraints
and a transmit power budget. Beamforming … structure of the massive MIMO channel from …

… robust downlink beamforming against the imperfect channel state information (CSI) for beam
division multiple access (BDMA) massive multiple-input multiple output (MIMO… beamforming …

… • We investigate the design of hybrid beamformers at both link ends for multiuser massive
MIMO systems. For the analog beamformer based on second order statistics, we show that …

… of beamforming techniques can be deployed for massive MIMO systems according to 5G
requirements. Thus, this paper is focused on beamforming … effects on massive MIMO systems to …

… However, for massive MIMO systems, the influence of … served simultaneously through downlink
beamforming, which we … -user downlink systems [9] to multiuser massive MIMO systems. …

… For the downlink transmission, we also design the hybrid beamformer at the BS and digital
… In such a configuration, in order to design the hybrid beamformer, the digital precoders and …

… We consider a single-cell massive MIMO downlink system in which a base station with a
uniform linear array (ULA) of M transmit antennas serves K single-antenna users. We assume …

… how to efficiently acquire CSI at each user in the massive MU-MIMO downlink. In this paper,
we propose a beamforming training scheme to acquire estimates of the CSI at each user. …

… channels, where the uplink training is used to help improving the downlink channel … interested
in the downlink beamforming design for FDD massive MIMO without downlink training. We …

… AVERAGE CSI BASED HYBRID BEAMFORMING A major challenge for the beamformers …
ing gain (SMG) of massive MIMO downlinks with fully digital structure equals M(1 – M/T), where …