… latter and especially the massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) concept, … spectral
efficiency (SE) by orders of magnitude over contemporary systems [3]–[5]. The massive MIMO …

… time division duplex (TDD) massive MIMO system. The relationship between … spectral
efficiency. Although some research has investigated the impact of inaccurate CSI in massive MIMO …

… considered in Section 4 wherein expressions for the spectral efficiency (SE) achieved in the
UL … that Massive MIMO also plays a key role when designing highly energyefficient cellular …

… channel state information (CSI) combined with maximum ratio, matched filter and zeroforcing.
Maximum EE-SE trade-off in massive MIMO system is achieved by equipping a great …

… time and bandwidth. The main focus and contribution of this paper is an improved Network-MIMO
TDD architecture achieving spectral efficiencies comparable with “Massive MIMO”, with …

… the performance of massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) cellular systems with pilot
… of the area spectral efficiency (ASE) for uplink multi-cell multiuser massive MIMO systems by …

… In the next simulation, we concentrate on analyzing spectral efficiency and power control
in scalable cell-free massive MIMO networks. Moreover, the NFOEnsemble method is …

… For the analysis, we first derive a general spectral efficiency … spectral efficiency of different
transmission protocols are derived. To improve the spectral efficiency (SE) of the system, max-…

… CONCLUDING REMARKS In this paper, the spectral efficiency of massive MIMO systems
in both centralized (C-MIMO) and distributed (DMIMO) settings, was analytically investigated, …

… Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology … -off between energy efficiency
(EE) and spectral efficiency (SE)… and SE for downlink massive MIMO in wireless communication …