… of the STAR-RIS with the conventional RIS and illustrate the … phase error for both STARRIS
and conventional RIS for m = … -RIS is generally higher compared to the conventional RIS as …

… its optimization of a STAR-RIS-assisted mMIMO system. Contrary to previous works on …
STARRIS2. In particular, we consider a massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) system …

… However, STAR-RIS as well as conventional RIS suffer from the double-fading … RIS and
STAR-RIS, denoted as ASTARS for massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems, …

… system assisted by a STAR-RIS. For the sake of demonstrating a practical scenario, we assume
that the CF mMIMO system … and outdoor UEs through a STAR-RIS deployed on the wall …

… reflecting RIS (STAR-RIS) … STAR-RIS, we consider a massive multiple-input multiple-output
(mMIMO) base station (BS) serving multiple user equipments (UEs) at both sides of the RIS. …

… multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems [13], [16]. In contrast, we analyze … on STARRIS
assisted mMIMO systems. Our work proposes downlink STAR-RIS-aided mMIMO systems …

… the STAR-RIS-aided system with the RIS-aided system. The ES … We consider a STAR-RIS-aided
mMIMO system, where a BS … One RIS panel with Q elements is equipped in this system. …

… PERFORMANCE EVALUATION In this section, the performance of STAR-RIS aided massive
MIMO is evaluated by deriving the user rates in the presence of practical impairments such …

… system that employs passive RIS. In this paper, we study the SE performance of an active
STARRIS (aSTAR-RIS) aided CF-mMIMO system … of CF-mMIMO system was based on the fact …

… of STARRIS-aided multi-user massive MIMO systems with Rician … Only some contributions
have similar system models as this … transmission of STAR-RIS-aided massive MIMO systems. …