… This paper distinguishes between the concepts of clinical and statistical heterogeneity
and exemplifies the importance of investigating heterogeneity by using published meta-analyses …

… underlying question, plans should be made when writing the meta- analysis protocol for a
careful investigation of potential sources of heterogeneity (see Chapter 2). When faced with …

… and participants to detect heterogeneity. To formally investigate heterogeneity across the …
of intervention (hospital v community) investigated whether the effect of the intervention on …

… investigation of heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Analyses attempting to investigate the …
In this paper we show how such analyses are flawed, and discuss the main determinants of …

… heterogeneity in a meta-analysis that overcome the shortcomings of existing measures. Our
focus is on the impact of heterogeneity on the results of a meta-analysis … those investigated …

… The investigation of heterogeneity is a crucial part of any meta-analysis. While it has been
stated … We conclude that the test of heterogeneity should not be the sole determinant of model …

… is investigated as a potential cause of heterogeneity in results … Meta-analysis and meta-regression
will be used to … as to investigate the three potential sources of heterogeneity described …

… investigation of potential sources of heterogeneity and enables a fuller analysis of time to event
outcomes in meta‐analysis… the evidence for heterogeneity in meta‐analysis and examine …

… meta-analysis. This paper compares a number of methods which can be used to investigate
… for each study in the meta-analysis, explains any heterogeneity. The main example is from a …

… to appropriately investigate the various sources of heterogeneity [10]. … heterogeneity and
random-effects analysis. We also discuss the heterogeneity problem in the field of meta analysis …