… years dealt with nasal versus injectable vaccines in general … vaccination as an alternative
to IM administration of vaccines … existing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines either already marketed or in …

… vaccine delivery. Compelling evidences support the potentialities and safety of the nasal
delivery of vaccines … The majority of available vaccines employ intramuscular or subcutaneous …

… showed that the nasal chitosan influenza vaccine was both … The mechanism of action of the
chitosan nasal vaccine … a single dose of intramuscularly administered trivalent vaccine (3×15 …

… statistically different from those for saline vaccines given intramuscularly. This accords with
similar … studies using vaccines formulated with chitosan, strongly support the capacity of such …

… Nasal influenza immunization has distinct features compared with intramuscular vaccines, …
the experience from clinical trials on the impact and safety of nasal influenza vaccination. …

… Moreover, mucosal vaccines have higher patient compliance than parenteral ones. The
combination of all this factors will most probably imply better patient adhesion to a fixed …

… nasal vaccine, split nasal vaccine, subunit nasal vaccine, peptide nasal vaccine, and nucleic
acid nasal vaccine, … route to the currently used intramuscular SARS-CoV-2 vaccine [164]. …

… , 8 , 9 These vaccines administered intramuscularly (IM) provided a substantially smaller …
to be critical to the protection provided by other vaccines for viral infections. A HIV-expressing …

… This review describes the formulation of vaccines to be delivered … In this review, the
delivery of nasal vaccines is considered. … Nasal vaccination has been investigated by administering …

… of nasal vaccines in the elderly compared to parenteral vaccines is not yet clear, nasal
vaccination … The main outcome of this study is that following nasal vaccination mucosal antibody …