… It is striking that all marketed SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are … –95%) depending on the type of
vaccine. However, little protection is … a risk of transmission of virus from vaccinated individuals. …

… ideal SARS-CoV-2 vaccines can stimulate the nasal mucosa to produce systemic immunity
and mucosal immunity. Among them, the nasal … and envelope protein of SARS-CoV-2 can be …

… In this review, we provide an overview of nasal vaccines with a focus on formulation
development as well as ongoing preclinical and clinical studies for SARS-CoV-2 intranasal vaccine …

… vaccine demonstrated detectable viral RNA in the nasal swabs of several participants after
SARS-CoV… The findings of elevated nasal viral titers despite the effective prevention of COVID-…

… Therefore, in this study, we focused on using the inactivated WV as a nasal vaccine against
SARS-CoV-2. We examined the potential of an inactivated WV as an antigen to induce S-…

… We studied nasal and plasma antibody responses one year … a period when SARS-CoV-2
vaccination was introduced. … in nasal and plasma IgA and IgG anti-S titres for all SARS-CoV-2 …

… In this article, the current approaches used to develop effective oral and nasal mucosal
vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and their benefits, prospects, and challenges have been …

… that an effective vaccine should induce mucosal immunity for nasal protection to prevent
SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic infection and silent spread. Recently, thousands of vaccine-…

… vaccination to SARS-CoV, virus-specific Trm cells develop in the lungs, while if the …
accumulation of SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells in the UA thanks to a nasal vaccination may guarantee …

… nasal vaccines could further reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. We discuss the benefits of
intranasal live-attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, … developing an attenuated vaccine platform. …