A comprehensive study on dolomite reservoir in Tarim Basin showed that the dolomite reservoir in the Lower Paleozoic of Tarim Basin was resulted from the combination of multiphase and multi-type geological processes. The main elements to form dolomite reservoir include the favorable sedimentary facies, multiphase dolomitization, various corrosion, fracturing and associate cracks. The corrosions contain the deep-buried dolomite dissolution, corrosion of multi-supplying organic acid in hydrocarbons, magmatic hydrothermal corrosion, the corrosion of acid fluid generated by thermochemical sulfate reduction, squential-interface corrosion and unconformity karstification. The comprehensive evaluation of dolomite reservoir and the systematic analysis of reservoir-forming conditions showed that the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician dolomite reservoirs in Tarim Basin were wide-ranging and also had the preferable reservoir-forming conditions. The key factors for hydrocarbon accumulation are mainly the efficient cap-rock and the steady tectonic settings. Three new domains of exploration, including dolomite buried-hill-type reservoirs in the regions of Yingmaili-Yakela, Tazhong and Mazhatage, the dolomite inside-type reservoirs in the Akekule and Tazhong regions, and the reservoirs under the middle Cambrian halo-anhydrites in Tazhong and Bachu regions, were illustrated.