… There are two main solutions to implement vehicular networking: dedicated short-range
communications (DSRC) and cellular V2X (C-V2X). DSRC is based on the IEEE 802.11p …

… limitations of current vehicular networking. However, existing vehicular routing schemes are
… In this section, we outline the open issues and opportunities for future research as follows. …

… for improved large-scale vehicular networks and ITS, SDVNs … Finally, we present open
security issues and potential future … We highlight open issues in securing the SDVNs, and the …

… In addition, we present some of the open issues in spectrum … And finally we present some
open issues related to spectrum … sensing decision for cognitive vehicular network environment. …

… Access Control (MAC) and network layers in HetVNETs are studied and discussed in detail.
Finally, we outline open issues that help to identify new research directions in HetVNETs. …

… Finally, open issues and challenges of SDVN are highlighted in the fourth part. The open
issues and challenges covered in this paper can provide the future directions to researchers. …

… vehicular networks are endowed with two major properties: dependability and timeliness (timebounded
termination). Safety in vehicular networks … which may hide open issues regarding …

… in network fragmentation and inefficient resource utilization, and these, therefore, act as
bottlenecks in realizing the aims for a highly efficient vehicular networking … vehicular networking (…

… in vehicular communication networks and mechanisms … vehicular safety applications, discuss
network design considerations, and characterize broadcast protocols in vehicular networks…

… For the sake of brevity, we provide the following short example to demonstrate the impact of
vehicular networking in energy saving. Assume that vehicles are traveling through a highway…