… binding the spike protein of the virus. Apt-RBD aptamer binds the RBD of spike protein [
29 ] … Optical label-free biosensors have become standard tools to investigate biomolecular …

… Optical biosensors are another type of biosensors that can … [ 56 ] Optical biosensors are
preferred over conventional … -CoV-2 spike protein was detectable by a SERS-based biosensor at …

… The biosensor detects the spike and envelope proteins of … An optical biosensor does not
need any physical contact with the … a biosensor to detect SARS-CoV-2 mutant protein by ACE2 …

… optical biosensors are an excellent option to surpass such critical issues. Label-free
nanophotonic biosensors … exposed proteins in the structure (viral antigens), such as the S (spike) …

… When it comes to on-site detection, optical biosensors are more … Moreover, optical biosensors
can have reliable biosensing … and MERS-CoV spike protein sample detection. For each …

… We report here the forefront fiber optic biosensor technology … Fiber optic biosensors
offer a real-time detection, in air or in … The spike protein is responsible for HCoV receptor-mediated …

… biosensor based on the immobilization of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant trimeric spike protein (S
protein) … Due to electrostatic interactions, the negatively charged S protein was immobilized …

… Here, we present an ultraminiature optical fiber-tip biosensor … optical fiber at visible light
range. An in-situ precision … The fabricated optical fiber-tip plasmonic biosensor can not only …

… optical sensors possess the capabilities to challenge this convention. This review explores
the current state of optical biosensors … The strengths and challenges of optical biosensors are …

… structural proteins of neo-coronavirus include spike protein (S-Protein) [6-10], envelope …
Lee, "Fiber-optic labelfree biosensor for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein detection using …