… the optical SSK with pulse position modulation (PPM) to form spatial PPM (SPPM). Here,
the active transmitter is used to transmit a PPM signal pattern rather than a constant optical …

… pulse-position modulation (DPPM) for optical communication systems using intensity
modulation … requires significantly less average power than pulse-position modulation (PPM). We …

… of a spatial modulation scheme that combines the energy efficiency of pulse position
modulation (PPM) with the spectral efficiency of generalized space shift keying (GSSK) for optical …

… of the link, deep-space optical communication to a ground-based receiver uses a pulse
position modulation (PPM) format, where the slot arrival time of the pulse determines the bit. This …

… This paper reviews optical technologies for space communications. … As a model for deep
space communications, the ideal photon … The earlier satellite optical communication programs …

… The resultant aligned scheme is shown to be very efficient in terms of power and bandwidth
as compared to on–off keying, pulse position modulation, and pulse amplitude modulation. …

… In this study, the performance of underwater optical wireless communication systems employing
spatial diversity and multi-pulse position modulation techniques is assessed. The effects …

… optical communications. It consists of the serial concatenation of an outer convolutional code,
an interleaver, a bit-accumulator, and pulse-position modulation (… optical communications …

… Spatial pulse position modulation (SPPM) is an advanced modulation technique used in
optical communication … spatial index of the transmit LED and the pulse position of the emitted …

… is a promising technology for future deep space exploration, … space FSO communication
systems is evaluated for optical … high energy efficiency, the pulse position modulation (PPM) …