… in the translation of VLP from the laboratory to the clinic, including the immune response to
VLP vaccines, and an exploration of vaccine … , immunogenicity, and efficacy of VLP vaccines. …

… contributed to the successful clinical translation of these particles and reduced the production
… The same concept of mRNA-based vaccines is currently being investigated for vaccination …

… that have been currently launched or in the clinical trials, which manifests a diversified trend
in … in the research and development of nanomedicines to facilitate their translations in clinic. …

… In addition, targeting particulate vaccines to mucosal M cells helps in rapid … of particulate
Ags by APCs, the preferred size of NPs should be around 500 nm [26]. NP-based vaccines of …

… their clinical potential to be realized. Here, we review the major capabilities, opportunities,
and … we foresee in translating these next‐generation delivery and vaccine vectors to the clinic. …

… clinical use. This review begins with a description of each vaccine and its use in clinical trials…
Future particle development will require adoption of clinically relevant methods to determine …

… clinical application. Liposomes are the mRNA delivery technology with the highest clinical
translation among LNPs, whereas the first clinical … LNP-based mRNA vaccines against viral …

… , where the focus is to translate these technologies to benefit … of clinical translation. Finally,
we discuss the need to build and strengthen partnerships between engineers and clinicians to …

… particle-mediated epidermal delivery (PMED) or the gene gun to administer DNA vaccines
… in human clinical trials. It reviews the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of PMED DNA …

… Previously, the development of nano-sized particles formulated to transport … clinical
translation of SARS-CoV-2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) nanotechnology-enabled vaccines…