… fossil fuel subsidies and the economic and environmental benefits from reforming them,
focusing mostly on a broad notion of subsidies … broader oil products (jet fuels, home heating oil, …

… The IEA calculation relates to all fossil fuels and to 2007 when petroleum product subsidies
accounted for 65 percent of total fossil fuel subsidies. To the extent that petroleum products …

… is about subsidies for fossil fuels broadly, but fossil fuels differ … of subsidy also vary
systematically across different fossil fuels. … the subsidy in oil tends to concentrate on the oil …

… When petroleum product prices bounced back during the … oil price was high, total global
fossil fuel subsidies exceeded US$500 billion, with oil accounting for about US$300 billion, gas …

… We find that markets for fossil fuels, refined energy products and energy-intensive products
… that the value of refined products is significantly higher than crude fossil fuels (see below). …

… To a large extent, many agree that such a subsidy … for an oil producing country to export raw
petroleum to countries that refine it and then subsidize re-importation of the refined product – …

… For example, globally traded commodities such as refined petroleum products may have …
fossil fuel subsidies that have been used to date have been to (i) focus only on price subsidies …

… caused by the market condition of low energy prices, or by the on-… with positive subsidies,
removing fossil fuel subsidies alone … The oil products in this paper include gasoline and diesel, …

… other fossil-fuel subsidies (most notably producer subsidies) … larger positive environmental
effects from subsidy reform. … , oil products were the most heavily subsidized of fossil fuels at …

… It is also the case that the oil-based estimates are due only to consumption of gasoline and
… additional subsidies associated with other petroleum products such as heating oil and jet fuel…