… D points and the pixels without the need for camera parameters and calibration of the coordinate
transformation matrix. We call the proposed method the pixel and 3-D point … points. First, …

… LiDAR and a camera. The intrinsic parameters of the camera should be known before starting
the LiDAR-camera … Back-projected 3D points and 2D points on the image plane (in pixels) …

… the LiDAR and camera in a stable position and collect point cloud and image simultaneously.
The data acquisition time is 20 seconds for the Avia LiDAR to accumulate sufficient points. …

… Since we only augment the lidar point cloud but keep the camera images unchanged, stronger
geometryrelated … For Pixel Noise, we add perturbation to the camera images. Note that …

… as many points are projected to pixels of image I with the same semantic class. The
superscript C of PC indicates the camera coordinate system. A point pL i in the LiDAR coordinate …

… the projected points as centers and concatenating the extracted RGB features with LiDAR …
in the network, by transforming LiDAR points and estimating the extrinsic calibration matrices …

… LiDAR frame for LiDAR-Camera fusion. Similarly, we represent each image as a set of pixels
{… Consequently, we obtain a set of pixel features {fCAM ∈ RC}k,i for each LiDAR point i and …

… LiDAR principles are introduced, scanning LiDAR and pixel-based matrix imager LiDAR
methods used to measure 3D point … AMCW and flash LiDAR cameras that display with matrix …

… LiDAR to event-based cameras under the world coordinate. After the projection, LiDAR points
and DVS event pixels … event pixels of moving objects and corresponding LiDAR points, we …

… the information from camera and LIDAR. After aligning the LIDAR points and pixels, we take
the labels (either road or background) of the pixels and LIDAR points as random variables …