… prey–predator model with prey refuge. Consider that in the absence of predator population,
prey … Further, it is also assumed that the refuge protecting \(mX\) of prey, where \(m \in [0, 1),\) …

… the effects of a refuge on the prey population with prey stage structure. … and analyzed the
prey-predator model involving a stage structure in prey population together with a preys refuge …

… The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of incorporating both prey
refuge and variable carrying capacity in prey- predator dynamics. We assume that the carrying …

… used by prey have a stabilizing effect on the … and prey extinction can be prevented by the
addition of refuges [28–32]. In general, the effects of prey refuges on the population dynamics …

… rate is zero in the refuge or the refuge is predator free. I … as prey density dependence or
passive diffusion of prey between … I analyze the effects of protectiveness of the refuge on stability …

… prey dynamics, including chaotic dynamics. This study did not include an explicit preyrefuge
which, as we will show, removes the ability of the predator to stabilize the system’s dynamics…

… m of prey from predation, and the constant-rate prey harvesting, … We also show the influences
of prey refuge and harvesting … dynamic behavior on the harvesting efforts or prey refuge. …

… r of prey population that incorporates refuges, and therefore we have modified the functional
response to incorporate prey refuges, … The mathematical form of the proposed predator-prey …

… In the present work, we study the dynamics of discrete prey-predator model with density
dependent prey refuge which has the following two difference equations:(2) T : x n + 1 = ax n ( 1 …

… predator–prey interactions allowing for prey refuge. The novelty lies in the assumption that
the amount of prey in … Thus the dynamics of predator–prey systems may be influenced by the …