… have reported that cytokine storms are an … how cytokine storms promote the deterioration
of COVID-19. Here, we outline the pathophysiological processes through which cytokine storms …

… These proinflammatory cytokines play a primary role in tissue injury and the formation of
thromboemboli, acute respiratory failure, and multiorgan failure. Similarly, in severe cases of …

… of cytokines is considered to be the determinant … cytokine expression might not be the
primary cause of impaired respiratory function in patients with COVID-19. Dynamic cytokine storms …

… systems consist of effector cells producing cytokines (interleukins, interferons, chemokines,
… chain reactions resulting in a massive release of cytokines. This may result in a drastic self-…

… increase acute-phase signaling, trafficking of immune cells to the site of primary infection, …
initial infection does not seem to be a determinant of the severity of local and systemic cytokine …

… A hypothesis is proposed that the cytokine storm syndrome, … to a change in dominant antigenic
determinants of SARS-CoV-… drift and antigenic determinant changes may also play a role. …

… cytokines and the induction of inflammatory cell death. These processes can contribute to
cytokine storm, … framework for innate immunity driving cytokine storm and organ damage in …

… ARDS: Inflammatory mediators play a key role in the pathogenesis of ARDS, a primary
cause of death in patients infected with SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV [110, 111]. Several pro-…

… by inflammatory cells has been thought to be the primary cause of CRS. However, several
… In addition, the pathogen reproduction rate in the host is another prerequisite determinant of …

… virus infections, the cytokine storm plays a primary role in the … to the phenomenon of the
“cytokine storm” which determines the … release of cytokines is considered to be the determinant of …