… We also discuss in detail anosmia and Guillain-Barré syndrome. … The COVID-19 induced
anosmia or hyposmia is characterised … Proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNFα are …

… cause of hyposmia. Recently, T helper type 2 cell (Th2)-driven inflammatory cytokines in
the … eosinophil count and local levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines are needed to clarify the …

… at least a subset of patients with COVID-induced persistent anosmia or hyposmia. … pro-inflammatory
cytokines interleukin 1α (IL-1α) , and a rapid increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines …

… in the OM damage that leads to anosmia (17). Nonetheless, it … -CoV-2 related anosmia could
be caused by all of the above-… group of patients with persistent anosmia. Overall, our data …

… Although sudden-onset anosmia or hyposmia (ie, complete or partial loss of smell) are
widely reported to be specific indicators of early infection, the precise manner in which the …

… -CoV-2-induced anosmia, we treated infected … pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by
SARS-CoV-2 infected sustentacular cells. These cells have been reported to secrete cytokines …

… In conclusion, COVID-19 can induce mast cell activation, psychological stress, cytokine … is
the “cytokine storm” that causes elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines …

… After decapitating the rats, the hippocampal tissues were quickly collected and the pro-inflammatory
cytokine concentrations in the hippocampus were analyzed to estimate the anti-…

… induces inflammation characterized by infiltration of myeloid cells to the olfactory epithelium
and variably increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines. … and anosmia/hyposmia in …