… expenditures have actually increased markedly but also that the responsibility for social
spending has increased at the municipal level in the face of provincial and federal cutbacks. …

… exhibit great variability among provinces. The aim of this paper is to compute the price level
differences, measured by the PPPs, for 31 Chinese Provinces and Municipal Cities, based …

… Provincial-municipal restructuring in Canada has received considerable … provincial and
municipal levels of government. The fiscal download by the Federal government to the provinces …

… at the municipal level than at the federal level in eight of the 13 jurisdictions, a finding that
is replicated when we compare the municipal level to the provincial and territorial level. While …

… Section 4 analyzes the results of the study as well as how the urban spatial structure impacts
air pollution at the provincial and municipal levels. Section 5 summarizes the conclusions …

… municipal service levels and standards. Some of the major cost differences between urban
and rural service delivery exist because rural municipalities generally do not provide water …

… The issue of concern, however, could well be not the expenditures that have actually
increased but the need perceived at the municipal level which could very well be increasing at a …

… Important urban perspectives, they asserted, are not always brought to bear on federal
policies that affect cities; issues of urban finance are ignored at the federal level; and municipal …

… policy involvement by federal, provincial, municipal, private, and … of municipal mayors and
councillors, we show that municipal … refers not only to different levels of government but also to …

… By 1981, a number of trilateral agreements had evolved, and these brought together
federal, provincial and municipal levels of government to address complex and spatially …