… After chosen LED has been activated, eye direction is observed whether pupil direction and
… contains liveness information. Complete algorithm for liveness detection using pupil tracking …

… pupil constriction, the fundamental characteristic of real and live irises, can be very robust for
liveness detection. … -based detection technique and Kalman filter to detect and track faces. …

… case of a Pupil Center Corneal Reflection (PCCR) eye tracking system. We decided to focus
on PCCR technique due to its widespread adoption in the modern eye tracking equipment, …

… to employ pupil dynamics in eye liveness detection. A thorough review of current liveness
detection … The authors follow the eye gaze for 15 s using a specialized eye tracker device. The …

… are used for pupil analysis in this work - (i) pupil area and (ii) … The pixel intensity in pupil
region will be able to detect the … including iris liveness detection and eye tracking [30], [31]) or …

… work that explores gaze tracking and pupil dynamic liveness detection. The principal results…
tracking and pupil dynamic presentation attacks, such as state-of-the-art liveness detection …

… features acquired in a process of eye tracking. The extracted features are employed for the
… pupil dynamics. For this purpose, they capture iris image sequences and extract pupil regions…

… for face liveness detection based on tracking the gaze of the … liveness detection technique
presented here is based on gaze tracking, estimated by measuring the movement of the pupil …

… in eye-liveness detection based on the changes in pupil size, combined with the detection
of the heart beat of the eyelid. The system begins detecting the pupil size when the eye is …

… We propose IrisSwap as a novel attack on gaze-based liveness detection. IrisSwap allows
… for Pupil Labs eye images and training a liveness detection classifier based on Pupil Labs …