Home advantage is well documented in a wide range of team sports including association
football (soccer). Home team crowd support has been shown to be a likely causal factor and …

Officiating bias is thought to contribute to home advantage. Recent research has shown that
sports with subjective officiating tend to experience greater home advantage and that …

OBJECTIVES: Research has identified a decline in home advantage (HA) in a number of
professional leagues since World War 2 (WW2). The purpose of the current study was to …

In a recent paper in this journal, Boyko and colleagues identified differences in attendance
and referee bias as factors influencing home advantage at soccer matches in the English …

The role of referees has become a central issue in the investigation of home advantage. The
main aim of this study was a thorough examination of the referee bias concerning injury time …

In this paper, we test for, and find evidence of, referee bias in favor of home teams in
European football using minute‐by‐minute analysis to control for within‐game events. The …

Using the results from the end‐of‐season (1992–93) league tables, overall home advantage
was confirmed in the eight major divisions of the English and Scottish football leagues. The …

The paper investigates potential bias in awards of player disciplinary sanctions, in the form
of cautions (yellow cards) and dismissals (red cards) by referees in the English Premier …

Past studies have indicated that multiple factors may influence sport referees' decisions,
such as pressure from spectators and athletes' reputation. Grounded in the social impact …

Evidence points to the existence of a home advantage effect in soccer with referees giving
more decisions to the home team being a plausible explanation for this effect. The purpose …