A major challenge in repairing large bone defects with tissue-engineered constructs is the
poor vascularization in the defect. The lack of vascular networks leads to insufficient oxygen …

Vascularization of tissue-engineered bone is a critical step in maintaining cell viability and
advancing cell performance in vivo. In this study, a novel tri-culture system was developed to …

Angiogenesis is a limiting factor in regenerating large bone defects. The objective of this
study was to investigate angiogenic and osteogenic effects of co‐culture on calcium …

Adequate vascularization remains one of the major challenges in bone tissue engineering.
Since the microvascular endothelium is of benefit to osteogenesis and vascularization when …

Vascularization of engineered bone tissue is critical for ensuring its survival after
implantation and it is the primary factor limiting its clinical use. A promising approach is to …

Objectives The bone tissue engineering primarily focuses on three‐dimensional co‐culture
systems, which physical and biological properties resemble the cell matrix of actual tissues …

Vascularization is critical for engineering mineralized tissues. It has been previously shown
that biomaterials containing preformed endothelial networks anastomose to host vasculature …

Tissue engineering provides an important approach for bone regeneration. Calcium
phosphate cement (CPC) can be injected to fill complex-shaped bone defects with excellent …

Engraftment of tissue-engineered bone plays a pivotal role in the treatment of large bone
defects. However, promoting thorough vascularization in the central area of tissue …

Background The role of bone tissue engineering is to regenerate tissue using biomaterials
and stem cell-based approaches. Combination of two or more cell types is one of the …