A novel virus, SARS-CoV-2, emerged in Wuhan in December 2019 and rapidly spread to
other cities in China and other countries. Several studies have summarized the clinical …

Clinical evidence indicates that the fatal outcome observed with severe acute respiratory
syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection often results from alveolar injury that impedes airway …

The cytokine storm following sepsis has been proven to be an important mechanism for
triggering acute respiratory distress syndrome, which is a fatal uncontrolled systemic …

COVID-19 is a rapidly spreading global threat that has been declared as a pandemic by the
WHO. COVID-19 is transmitted via droplets or direct contact and infects the respiratory tract …

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has
challenged medicine and health care on a global scale. Its impact and frightening mortality …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19), a rapidly evolving pandemic worldwide with at least 68 million …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has swept the world, unlike any other pandemic in
the last 50 years. Our understanding of the disease has evolved rapidly since the outbreak; …

Pathogenic human coronavirus infections, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV
(SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV), cause high morbidity …

Hyper-induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, also known as a cytokine storm or cytokine
release syndrome (CRS), is one of the key aspects of the currently ongoing SARS-CoV-2 …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) can trigger a cytokine
storm in the pulmonary tissue by releasing various types of mediators, leading to acute …