Our previous in vivo study showed that multilayered scaffolds made of an angiogenic layer
embedded between an osteogenic layer and an osteoconductive layer, with layer thickness …

Obtaining functional capillaries through the bulk has been identified as a major challenge in
tissue engineering, particularly for critical-sized defects. In the present study, a multilayered …

Significant bone loss due to disease or traumatic injury requires surgical intervention to
modulate the natural healing process of bone. The current bone grafting options, autografts …

Efficient vascularization within a scaffold is an essential criterion for evaluating the success
of volumetric bone formation. Various strategies using angiogenic growth factors and cell …

The bone defect caused by fracture, bone tumor, infection, and other causes is not only a
problematic point in clinical treatment but also one of the hot issues in current research. The …

Bone tissue is a highly vascularized tissue and concomitant development of the vascular
system and mineralized matrix requires a synergistic interaction between osteogenesis and …

Purpose Due to the increasing number of orthopedic injuries occurring each year, there is a
critical need for better treatment of improperly healed fractures. To combat this, we have …

Bone generally displays a high intrinsic capacity to regenerate. Nonetheless, large osseous
defects sometimes fail to heal. The treatment of such large segmental defects still represents …

Editorial vascularization is the key challenge in tissue engineering (not only in bone
engineering)[10]. Vascularization can either be achieved by an extrinsic or an intrinsic …

Adequate vascularization of scaffolds is a prerequisite for successful repair and
regeneration of lost and damaged tissues. It has been suggested that the maturity of …