Spatial scale‐dependence is a ubiquitous feature of ecological systems. This presents a
challenge for ecologists who seek to discern general principles. A solution is to search for …

Scale is an essential concept in both natural and so-cial sciences, and has been defined in
several different ways (Gibson et al.[4], van Gardingen [19], Peterson and Parker [16] …

Ecologists have recognized for decades the importance of spatial scale in ecological
processes and patterns, as well as the complications scale poses for understanding …

Context The scope of a measurement is the ratio of the range (or extent) to the resolution.
Scope can also be defined as the number of steps in a measurement instrument given the …

Landscape ecology deals fundamentally with how, when, and why patterns of environmental
factors influence the distribution of organisms and ecological processes, and reciprocally …

General guidelines on the quantitative representation of heterogeneity in ecology are still
lacking. Without a precise definition and sound quantification of heterogeneity, statements …

Environmental gradients are a powerful and largely overlooked research tool. They exist
only because of heterogeneity. The objective of this chapter is to provide an overview of …

Explanation and interpretation of spatial heterogeneity in nature have been central concerns
in ecology since long before the word ecosystem was first defined. As ecological knowledge …

In this review we examine the past 5 years of landscape ecology research examining the
effects of both spatial and thematic resolution on ecological analysis. While spatial …

Although the concepts of scale and biological diversity independently have received rapidly
increasing attention in the scientific literature since the 1980s, the rate at which the two …