Impedance studies on test circuits demonstrated that three-point measurements are
susceptible to voltage divider distortion/artifacts if the reference electrode impedance …

Four-point impedance spectroscopy of solid materials systems is severely hampered by
unavoidable voltage-divider effects associated with the reference electrodes. As …

In electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, a reference electrode is often used for the
control of the potential of a working electrode by means of a potentiostat in a 3-electrode …

Experiments and computer simulations on Pt/YSZ specimens in various electrode
configurations were performed to investigate the effect of reference electrode …

Overlooked apparatus (cabling, leads, sample holder) contributions to experimental
impedance spectra can be significant, especially at high frequencies, and can obscure the …

Four-terminal measurements of impedance spectra have long been troubled by the
presence of high frequency artifacts that typically indicate unphysically large inductive …

High temperature (570–750° C) three-point impedance measurements on the system Pt/YSZ
using a platinum reference electrode exhibited distortions/artifacts due to the voltage divider …

The electrical shielding of the sample which is inevitable for the measurement of high
impedances can lead to significant anomalies in the measured impedance. The …

The generality, scope, and limitations of Impedance Spectroscopy (IS) are discussed, with
emphasis on unsupported conditions in ionic systems. For such conditions, the maximum …

In this article the term" impedance spectroscopy" is used to describe any technique in which
data, equivalent to the real and imaginary parts of a complex electrical quantity, are …