Despite the slow evolutionary rate of SARS-CoV-2 relative to other RNA viruses, its massive
and rapid transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic has enabled it to acquire significant …

The evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has
resulted in the emergence of new variant lineages that have exacerbated the COVID-19 …

The structural spike (S) glycoprotein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2
(SARS-CoV-2) plays an essential role in infection and is an important target for neutralizing …

SARS-CoV-2 variants accumulating immune escape mutations provide a significant risk to
vaccine-induced protection against infection. The novel variant of concern (VoC) Omicron …

Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses that contain the largest known
RNA genomes to date. As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected at least 180
million people since its identification as the cause of the current COVID-19 pandemic. The …

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is associated with a lower fatality rate
than its SARS and MERS counterparts. However, the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has …

All current vaccines for COVID-19 utilize ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike with the goal of
generating protective neutralizing antibodies. The recent emergence and rapid spread of …

Toward eradicating the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines that induce high humoral and cellular
immune responses are essential. However, SARS-CoV-2 variants have begun to emerge …

Vaccination elicits immune responses capable of potently neutralizing SARS-CoV-2.
However, ongoing surveillance has revealed the emergence of variants harboring mutations …