Context Obesity in men is associated with low serum testosterone and both are associated
with several diseases and increased mortality. Objectives Examine the direction and …

Objective Epidemiological and clinical studies have highlighted important roles for sex
hormones in the regulation of fat distribution and systemic metabolism. We investigated the …

Background Observationally lower testosterone is associated with an unhealthier
cardiovascular (CVD) risk profile, but this association is open to confounding and reverse …

Testosterone concentrations in men are associated with cardiovascular morbidity,
osteoporosis, and mortality and are affected by age, smoking, and obesity. Because of …

Background Testosterone levels are linked with diverse characteristics of human health, yet,
whether these associations reflect correlation or causation remains debated. Here, we …

Prospective studies showed that low serum testosterone concentrations are associated with
various cardiometabolic risk factors and mortality. However, the causal nature of these …

Sex differences have been shown in laboratory biomarkers; however, the extent to which
this is due to genetics is unknown. In this study, we infer sex-specific genetic parameters …

Context: Low sex hormone levels have been associated with the metabolic syndrome
(MetS). Objectives: Our objective was to determine whether the association between sex …

Background Recent studies identified several risk factors of benign prostatic hyperplasia
(BPH), including dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity. But they …

Background Testosterone supplementation has been linked to increased cardiovascular
disease risk in some observational studies. The causal role of testosterone can be …