Animals that are brightly colored have intrigued scientists since the time of Darwin, because
it seems surprising that prey should have evolved to be clearly visible to predators. Often this …

Conspicuous warning coloration helps to protect prey because it signals to potential
predators that the prey is unprofitable. However, such signals only work once predators …

I introduce three scenarios for the evolution of conspicuous coloration associated with
unpalatability in prey animals, based on the ways in which selection for the two character …

It has been suggested that the common existence of regular patterning in aposematic prey
animals makes them “stand out” from the background, improving detection and recognition …

Many animals are toxic or unpalatable and signal this to predators with warning signals
(aposematism). Aposematic appearance has long been a classical system to study predator …

Warning coloration is a widespread strategy to alert predators about prey unprofitability. The
success of this strategy partly depends on predators being able to learn and recognize …

The evolution of conspicuous colouration in prey is puzzling because such coloration
attracts the attention of predators. Anti-apostatic selection, in which rare prey forms are …

The handicap theory, in which the cost of waste guarantees honest advertising, is being
used increasingly in solutions to the problems of biological signal evolution. However, it is …

While there have been a number of recent advances in our understanding of the evolution of
animal color patterns, much of this work has focused on color patterns that are constantly …

Mimicry, warning coloration, and chemical defense in insects constitute especially clear
examples of adaptation through mutation and natural selection. As such, they have been of …