This document assembles key results from work during the Realize project, and references
to state-of-the-art literature and data on lithium battery recycling processes. The document …

In China, the high demand for electric vehicles (EVs) has led to a rapid increase in power
lithium-ion battery (LIB) production, which has subsequently given rise to an explosive …

Being successfully introduced into the market only 30 years ago, lithium‐ion batteries have
become state‐of‐the‐art power sources for portable electronic devices and the most …

The production of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is increasing rapidly because of their
outstanding physicochemical properties, which ultimately leads to an increasing amount of …

Lithium-ion battery (LIB)-based electric vehicles (EVs) are regarded as a critical technology
for the decarbonization of transportation. The rising demand for EVs has triggered concerns …

Li‐ion battery (LIB) recycling has become an urgent need with rapid prospering of the
electric vehicle (EV) industry, which has caused a shortage of material resources and led to …

From their initial discovery in the 1970s through the awarding of the Nobel Prize in 2019, the
use of lithiumion batteries (LIBs) has increased exponentially. 1− 4 As the world has grown …

Due to increasing environmental awareness, tightening regulations and the need to meet
the climate obligations under the Paris Agreement, the production and use of electric …

The advent of lithium-ion battery technology in portable electronic devices and electric
vehicle applications results in the generation of millions of hazardous e-wastes that are …

With the sudden increase in the number of retired power batteries, there is great pressure to
develop environmentally–friendly and efficient recycling technologies. The pyrometallurgy …