In anxiety disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorders and phobias, classical
conditioning pairs natural (unconditioned) fear-eliciting stimuli with contextual or discrete …

There is considerable interest, from both a basic and clinical standpoint, in gaining a greater
understanding of how pharmaceutical or behavioral manipulations alter fear extinction in …

A great deal is now known about the mechanisms of conditioned fear acquisition and
expression. More recently, the mechanisms of inhibition of conditioned fear have become …

Fear extinction, the reduction of fear by repeated exposure to the object of fear, is a crucial
paradigm of inhibitory learning and the acknowledged preclinical model for behavior …

Infusions into the amygdala (a brain area essential for excitatory fear conditioning) of either
NMDA receptor antagonists or inhibitors of the NMDA receptor‐linked mitogen activated …

Pathological fear and anxiety are highly debilitating and, despite considerable advances in
psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy they remain insufficiently treated in many patients with …

Anxiety disorders have a high prevalence, and despite the substantial advances in the
psychological treatment of anxiety, relapse is still a common problem. One approach to …

Anxiety disorders are among the most common psychological disturbances in the
industrialized world. Current behavioral therapy procedures for these disorders are …

A goal of fear and anxiety research is to understand how to treat the potentially devastating
effects of anxiety disorders in humans. Much of this research utilizes classical fear …

Animal research suggests that the consolidation of fear and extinction memories depends
on N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors. Using a fear conditioning and …