The evolution of the immune system, diet, and the microbiome are interconnected. Dietary
metabolites modulate the cells of the immune system both directly and indirectly via shifts in …

Nutritional immunology is a rapidly developing field. An expanding body of evidence
demonstrate the impact of foods and nutritional components on gut and systemic immunity of …

Diet exerts a major influence upon host immune function and the gastrointestinal microbiota.
Although components of the human diet (including carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) are …

The immune system is a highly integrated network of cells sensitive to a number of
environmental factors. Interestingly, recent years have seen a dramatic increase in our …

Diet is an important lifestyle factor that is known to contribute in the development of human
disease. It is well established that poor diet plays an active role in exacerbating metabolic …

Nutrient content and nutrient timing are considered key regulators of human health and a
variety of diseases and involve complex interactions with the mucosal immune system. In …

A well-functioning immune system is critical for survival. The immune system must be
constantly alert, monitoring for signs of invasion or danger. Cells of the immune system must …

The commensal microbiota is an important source of inter-subject heterogeneity and can
impact human health through modulation of host immunity. Because the abundance and …

Highlights•Host and microbiota communicate by recognition of metabolic
mediators.•Microbiota metabolites influence the development and function of the immune …

Cell survival, proliferation and function are energy-demanding processes, fuelled by
different metabolic pathways. Immune cells like any other cells will adapt their energy …