Background Coronaviruses can induce the production of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumour
necrosis factor, and other cytokines implicated in autoinflammatory disorders. It has been …

Background Mortality of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), acute
respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and systemic inflammation is high. In areas of …

Background Anakinra might improve the prognosis of patients with moderate to severe
COVID-19 (ie, patients requiring oxygen supplementation but not yet receiving organ …

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) has caused more than 320 000 deaths as of May 19, 2020. COVID-19 deaths …

Introduction Severe COVID-19 cases have a detrimental hyper-inflammatory host response
and different cytokine-blocking biologic agents were explored to improve outcomes …

Objectives Acute respiratory distress syndrome and cytokine release syndrome are the
major complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated with increased …

The IL-1 receptor antagonist, anakinra, may represent a therapeutic option for acute
respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID …

Background Immunomodulants have been proposed to mitigate severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2–induced cytokine storm, which drives acute respiratory distress …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a recently discovered
coronavirus, is responsible for COVID-19, a newly emerged disease that has become …

Background Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia have an excess of inflammation and
increased concentrations of cytokines including interleukin-1 (IL-1). We aimed to determine …