Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterised neuropathologically by the degeneration of
dopaminergic neurons in the ventral midbrain, the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) …

The neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) are the degeneration and
death of dopamine‐producing neurons in the ventral midbrain, the widespread …

Genetic studies on PARK genes have identified dysfunction in proteasomal, lysosomal, and
mitochondrial enzymes as pathogenic for Parkinson's disease (PD). We review the role of …

During Parkinson's disease (PD), both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral
nervous system (PNS) are affected. In parallel, innate immune cells respond early to …

In recent years, the contraposition between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes
has been increasingly challenged. Inflammation has been emphasized as a key player in …

Immune changes occur in all neurodegenerative conditions, but there are significant
differences between diseases. For Parkinson's disease (PD), the immune system …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder where alpha-synuclein plays a
central role in the death and dysfunction of neurons, both, in central, as well as in the …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex and heterogeneous progressive neurodegenerative
condition known for characteristic motor features resulting from the loss of dopaminergic …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting
up to 10 million people worldwide. PD has no cure yet, and patients rely only on …

For many years, it was postulated that the brain is the organ behind the barrier with an
autonomous need for its maintenance. This view has been changed by the concept that the …