Knowledge about the pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2 as it interacts with immune defenses is
limited. SARS-CoV-2 is spread by droplets that come into contact with mucous membranes …

COVID-19 is a rapidly spreading global threat that has been declared as a pandemic by the
WHO. COVID-19 is transmitted via droplets or direct contact and infects the respiratory tract …

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The clinical
presentations of the SARS-CoV-2 infection are widely variable and treatment strategies for …

COVID-19 has claimed millions of lives during the last 3 years since initial cases were
reported in Wuhan, China, in 2019. Patients with COVID-19 suffer from severe pneumonia …

The cytokine storm following sepsis has been proven to be an important mechanism for
triggering acute respiratory distress syndrome, which is a fatal uncontrolled systemic …

A cytokine storm is a hyperinflammatory state secondary to the excessive production of
cytokines by a deregulated immune system. It manifests clinically as an influenza-like …

The dysregulated release of cytokines has been identified as one of the key factors behind
poorer outcomes in COVID-19. This “cytokine storm” produces an excessive inflammatory …

As of May 11, 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has been confirmed in 4 152 670
people worldwide, carrying a mortality of approximately 6.8%, 1 compared with a mortality …

Cytokine storm is an acute hyperinflammatory response that may be responsible for critical
illness in many conditions including viral infections, cancer, sepsis, and multi-organ failure …

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 causes COVID-19, a pandemic threatening millions. As
protective immunity does not exist in humans and the virus is capable of escaping innate …