The underwater acoustic environment is a promising technology which explores the real-
time data collection for various applications. However, these channels are prone to errors …

The Ocean exhibits phenomenon of changing acoustic signal transmission due to its non-
stationary nature. Water columns in between transmitter and receiver are not fixed at any …

High data-transmission rate and reliable communication is a challenge for Underwater
Acoustic Channel (UAC). The UAC is frequency-dependent subjected to multipath, and low …

Recently, multicarrier modulation in the form of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
(OFDM) has been actively investigated in underwater acoustic communications for its …

High‐data transmission rate and reliable communication in underwater acoustic channel is
challenging because of limited bandwidth, multipath propagation, and Doppler shift, which …

OFDM has several distinct challenges in the underwater channel environment. The
underwater channel is known to be highly frequency selective with large delay and Doppler …

Underwater communication finds numerous application including oceanographic data
collection, pollution, monitoring, offshore exploration, disaster prevention, assisted …

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing multiple frequency shift keying (OFDM-MFSK) is
a promising modulation mode in low cost underwater acoustic (UWA) communication for its …

Bit error rate (BER) is typically high in underwater acoustic (UWA) channel, which is
characterized by high propagation delay and poor quality of communications. UWA noise …

The main characteristics of underwater acoustic (UWA) channel are Narrow bandwidth,
strong interference caused by multi-path and severe noise. At the same time, these …