Many aposematic species have evolved an aggregated lifestyle, and one possible
advantage of grouping in warningly coloured prey is that it makes the aposematic signal …

Vivid warning signals (aposematism) have evolved repeatedly throughout the animal
kingdom. However, relatively few studies consider what makes an effective signal, in terms …

Many organisms use warning, or aposematic, coloration to signal their unprofitability to
potential predators. Aposematically colored prey are highly visually conspicuous. There is …

Aposematic theory has historically predicted that predators should select for warning signals
to converge on a single form, as a result of frequency‐dependent learning. However …

▪ Abstract Mimicry and warning color are highly paradoxical adaptations. Color patterns in
both Müllerian and Batesian mimicry are often determined by relatively few pattern …

Aposematic animals use anti-predator defence mechanisms such as distastefulness
coupled with distinctive odours, sounds, or colour visual signals to predation from domestic …

The striking colour-pattern variation of some aposematic species is paradoxical because
selection by predators is expected to favour signal uniformity. Although the mechanisms …

I introduce three scenarios for the evolution of conspicuous coloration associated with
unpalatability in prey animals, based on the ways in which selection for the two character …

Animals possess a range of defensive markings to reduce the risk of predation, including
warning colours, camouflage, eyespots and mimicry. These different strategies are …

Individuals of many species are considered to rely on a single type of external appearance
to escape predation but there are many notable exceptions. To develop an ecological …