Many prey species use colourful 'aposematic'signalling to advertise the fact that they are
toxic. Some recent studies have shown that the brightness of aposematic displays correlates …

Many animals have bright colours to warn predators that they have defences and are not
worth attacking. However, it remains unclear whether the strength of warning colours reliably …

The evolution of aposematism is considered to be a major evolutionary problem because if
new aposematic forms emerged in defended cryptic populations, they would face the dual …

The striking gregarious behaviour of many conspicuously coloured unpalatable prey has
puzzled evolutionary biologists ever since the kin selection hypothesis was formulated …

To deter predator attack, aposematic prey species advertise their unprofitability with one or
more conspicuous warning signals that, in turn, enhance the avoidance learning of …

Theories of aposematism often focus on the idea that warning displays evolve because they
work as effective signals to predators. Here, we argue that aposematism may instead evolve …

Mimicry, warning coloration, and chemical defense in insects constitute especially clear
examples of adaptation through mutation and natural selection. As such, they have been of …

Multimodal warning displays combine visual signals with components produced in other
sensory modalities, for instance, aposematically coloured insects often produce a pungent …

Animal color pattern phenotypes evolve rapidly. What influences their evolution? Because
color patterns are used in communication, selection for signal efficacy, relative to the …

It has long been recognized that defended prey tend to be conspicuous. Current theories
suggest that the association ('aposematism') has arisen because predators more readily …