Aposematic insects use warning colours to deter predators, but many also produce odours
or sounds when attacked by a predator. One possible role for these additional components …

It has generally been assumed that warningly coloured organisms pay a cost associated
with their increased visibility, because naïve predators notice and eat them. This cost is …

Two groups of male chicks (Gallus gallus) were allowed to peck at distasteful food (chick
crumbs flavoured with quinine and mustard) that either matched or contrasted with the …

Cryptically colored prey species are often polymorphic, occurring in multiple distinctive
pattern variants. Visual predators promote such phenotypic variation through apostatic …

Animals from a wide range of taxonomic groups are capable of colour change, of which
camouflage is one of the main functions. A considerable amount of past work on this subject …

The conspicuous displays that warn predators of defenses carried by potential prey have
been of interest to evolutionary biologists from the time of Wallace and Darwin to the present …

Aposematism is defined as the use of conspicuous colouration to warn predators that an
individual is chemically or otherwise defended. Mechanisms that drive the evolution of …

Aposematic organisms couple conspicuous warning signals with a secondary defense to
deter predators from attacking. Novel signals of aposematic prey are expected to be …

Prey species often possess defences (eg toxins) coupled with warning signals (ie
aposematism). There is growing evidence that the expression of aposematic signals often …

The global prevalence of red and black fruits has still not been explained. Hypotheses
based on innate consumer preferences have been tested and rejected. Though colour itself …