Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small double‐stranded DNA viruses that infect the
cutaneous and mucosal epithelium. Infection by specific HPV types has been linked to the …

The papillomaviruses are small DNA viruses that encode approximately eight genes, and
require the host cell DNA replication machinery for their viral DNA replication. Thus …

The recognition of a causal relationship between human papillomaviruses and cancer
almost 30 years ago led to a rapid expansion of knowledge in the field, resulting in the …

Highlights•HPVs infect epithelia cells and link their life cycles to differentiation.•HPVs are
grouped into five genera including alpha and beta viruses.•Alpha HPVs cause anogenital …

Human papillomaviruses have adjusted their replication levels to the differentiation state of
the infected keratinocyte. PV genomes replicate in undifferentiated cells at low levels and to …

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cervical
neoplasia. Insights into the mechanisms by which HPV infection can, in a small numbers of …

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The human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 protein is one of only two viral proteins that remain
expressed in HPV-associated human cancers. HPV E7 proteins share structural and …

Papillomaviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses that are species-specific. Currently,
more than 200 types of human papillomavirus (HPV) have been identified as infecting …

The aetiology of cervical cancer has been primarily attributed to human papillomaviruses
(HPVs). These are characterized by the persistent expression of the two oncogenes, E6 and …