DISCUSSION: With the patient's rheumatologic history along with a hyperactive immune
system, there was high suspicion for HLH. Because of the rarity of HLH, diagnostic …

Introduction: The survival rates of patients with acute liver failure have progressively
increased over the past few decades due to increased detection, prognostication, and …

DISCUSSION: HLH is rare in the adult population. It typically presents as undifferentiated
shock stemming form mast cell over activation, often puzzling clinicians. If caught early …

DISCUSSION: HLH is a rare life-threatening syndrome characterized by immune
dysregulation resulting in an uncontrolled inflammatory response. Primary HLH is inherited …

Background: A wide spectrum of inflammatory responses, with overlapping characteristics, is
encountered in critically ill patients in intensive care. At one extreme, critically ill patients …

Introduction: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe hyperinflammatory
syndrome induced by aberrantly activated macrophages and cytotoxic T cells that primarily …

DISCUSSION: Secondary HLH occurs in adults, and is known to be secondary to
autoimmune disorders, infections and malignancy. Unfortunately, a diagnostic bone marrow …

Introduction: While fever is one of the most encountered problems in the ICU, infectious
etiologies only account for 63% of febrile episodes in critically ill patients. There is a myriad …

Hemophagocytic lymphocytosis (HLH) is a challenging diagnosis that carries a mortality rate
of 57%.[1] As with many pathologies, early diagnosis and treatment are essential. We …

Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), an uncontrolled overactivation of
the immune system, is well characterized in pediatric patients, yet, much less is known about …