The directional spatial model of electoral competition–recently introduced by Rabinowitz
and Macdonald–specifies utility as keyed to intensity of preference and communality of …

This paper contrasts voting behavior in multicandidate elections between the proximity and
the directional spatial models of electoral competition. Under the traditional proximity spatial …

Spatial models of electoral competition locate voters and parties at points in euclidean
space—representing issue positions—and specify utility of voters for parties as functions of …

In recent years a lively debate has emerged concerning the empirical status of the traditional
proximity spatial model versus a directional model of voter choice. The central reason for this …

This note evaluates relative ability of the proximity and recently proposed directional variants
of the spatial model of voter choice to account for candidate evaluations in US presidential …

Existing applications of spatial modeling to historical elections suggest that parties rarely
maximize votes. This complicates the analyst's task because explanations of party behavior …

Competing spatial models of voter choiceare compared in the context ofparliamentary
representatives selectedthrough single-member district, pluralityelections where party …

Spatial models of two-party or two-candidatecompetition almost never have pure-strategy
Nashequilibria when the issue space has more than onedimension. This paper shows that …

Professors Merrill and Grofman develop a unified model that incorporates voter motivations
and assesses its empirical predictions--for both voter choice and candidate strategy--in the …

This paper tackles the problem of comparison between proximity and directional voting in 27
European multi-party systems. This is a previously unaddressed aspect of European spatial …