Environmental exposure to toxic agents is commonly encountered by occupational and
residential populations. However, in vivo exposure data in human subjects is limited by …

In light of the exponentially increasing industrial production and consumer use of ultrafine
particles, deposition in the human lung is of great environmental and biomedical concern …

Background The nose is a viable pathway for topical drug delivery to the olfactory cleft for
treatment of obstructive smell loss and nose-to-brain drug delivery. This study investigates …

Although there is abundant literature for both experimental and numerical studies of
respiratory aerosol exposure in nasal airways, research efforts concentrating on diseased …

Background: Many drugs are delivered intranasally for local or systemic effect, typically in
the form of droplets or aerosols. Due to the high cost of in vivo studies, drug developers and …

Background: Knowledge of the regional deposition of inhaled particles in the nose is
important for drug delivery and assessment of the toxicity of inhaled materials. In this study …

Various factors and challenges are involved in efficiently delivering drugs using nasal
sprays to the olfactory region to treat central nervous system diseases. In this study …

Anatomically accurate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models of the nasal passages of
an infant (6 months old, 1.3 kg) and adult (7 years old, 11.9 kg) rhesus monkey were used to …

Direct nose-to-brain drug delivery offers the opportunity to treat central nervous system
disorders more effectively due to the possibility of drug molecules reaching the brain without …

Validated computer simulations of the airflow and particle dynamics in human nasal cavities
are important for local, segmental and total deposition predictions of both inhaled toxic and …