US academic health centers are entering the bioscience and technology industries in ways
that are different from past notions of research activity by universities. With recent and …

Prologue: If fiction gives voice to certain anxieties that confront a society, then concerns
about recent changes in academic/industry relationships extend far beyond the halls of …

During the past half century, this country's biomedical research enterprise has, with few, if
any, exceptions, increased in size and scope each year. Fueled to a great extent by the …

Background Despite growing acceptance of relationships between academia and industry in
the life sciences, systematic, up-to-date information about their extent and the consequences …

There is, scientists proclaim, a crisis in biomedical research. The crisis lies in the fact that the
community's expectations now exceed any reasonable capacity to fund its projects. Between …

The realms of science and technology in the life sciences are converging through the
commercialization of university research. Major changes in the mandate of research …

Since the end of World War II, the United States' preeminence in biomedical research has
been widely recognized. There are a number of features of the US system that are …

The American research university enjoyed an unprecedented boom from the end of World
War II until the 1990s. All sources of financial support for universities--federal grants, private …

Research, along with patient care and education, is a core element of the academic health
systems tripartite mission; it is essential to the academic health systems societal commitment …

Alberts, Kirschner, Tilghman, and Varmus (1) should be commended for initiating a
discussion of important issues associated with the current crisis in the US biomedical …