Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a severe pandemic of the current century. The vicious …

Abstract Aim Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel highly contagious infection
caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has been became a global public health challenge. The …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 and its associated
pathology, COVID-19, have been of particular concerns these last months due to the …

The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 varies and the differences in host response
characterizing this variation have not been fully elucidated. COVID-19 disease severity …

The last few months of 2019 witnessed the emergence, rise and rapid spread of a novel
coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) …

Background SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 share similar characteristics. For instance, the
genetic homology of SARS-CoV-2 compared to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV is 80% and …

To the Editor: Since the emergence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019, the …

Balanced immune regulation is crucial for recognizing an invading pathogen, its killing, and
elimination. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are the key regulators of the innate immune system. It …

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global
pandemic in early 2020. The infection has been associated with a wide range of clinical …

A recent outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, China was found to be caused by a 2019 novel
coronavirus (2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2 or HCoV-19). We previously reported the clinical …